How can I make a career in microbiology after 12th exam?

Hi.

• Gender: Only female candidates are eligible.
• Nationality: Must be a citizen of India.
• Marital Status: Must be unmarried, divorced, legally separated, or a widow without encumbrances.
• Age Limit: The candidate must be between 17 and 25 years of age at the time the course is due to commence. The specific birth date range will be mentioned in the official notification for that year.
• Educational Qualification: You must have passed the Senior Secondary Examination (10+2) or equivalent in the first attempt as a regular student with Physics, Chemistry, Biology (Botany & Zoology), and English, with a minimum of 50% aggregate marks. Candidates appearing for their final 12th year exam can also apply provisionally.
• Entrance Exam: Qualifying the NEET (UG) exam conducted by the National Testing Agency (NTA) is mandatory. The NEET score is used for initial shortlisting.
• Physical Standards: You must be medically fit as per the standards prescribed for the Armed Forces. A medical board will make the final decision. The minimum height requirement is 152 cm (with some relaxations for candidates from hill and North Eastern states). 

Hi.

• MHT-CET  (Maharashtra Common Entrance Test): A state-level test for various undergraduate programs in Maharashtra.
• NEET  (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test): Scores are accepted for B.Pharm and Pharm.D admissions.
• PERA CET  (Promoters of Education in Rural Areas Common Entrance Test): A private university common entrance test also considered by DPGU. 

• Qualifying Exam: Passing the Class 12 (HSC) or equivalent from a recognised board is required.
• Compulsory Subjects: Physics and Chemistry are mandatory, along with Mathematics or Biology.
• Minimum Marks: A minimum of 45% aggregate in these subjects is required for the general category (40% for reserved categories from Maharashtra).

Hi.

• MHT-CET  (Maharashtra Common Entrance Test): A state-level test for various undergraduate programs in Maharashtra.
• NEET  (National Eligibility cum Entrance Test): Scores are accepted for B.Pharm and Pharm.D admissions.
• PERA CET  (Promoters of Education in Rural Areas Common Entrance Test): A private university common entrance test also considered by DPGU. 

• Qualifying Exam: Passing the Class 12 (HSC) or equivalent from a recognised board is required.
• Compulsory Subjects: Physics and Chemistry are mandatory, along with Mathematics or Biology.
• Minimum Marks: A minimum of 45% aggregate in these subjects is required for the general category (40% for reserved categories from Maharashtra).

Hi...

Choosing an engineering college requires balancing placement records, salary packages, and fees. Generally, top-tier government institutes (IITs, NITs)  offer the best combination of high placements, excellent salaries, and lower fees compared to private universities.

• Placements & Salary: The absolute best. They consistently report near 100% placements in relevant branches (like CSE, Mechanical). Average salaries are very high (often ₹18-25+ LPA), with top international offers exceeding ₹50 LPA.
• Fees: Relatively low compared to the return on investment (ROI). The government heavily subsidizes education, making the total cost significantly lower than elite private options.
• Admission: Requires qualifying the JEE Main and then cracking the highly competitive JEE Advanced exam.

• Placements & Salary: Excellent, second only to the IITs. Top NITs like NIT Tiruchirappalli, NIT Karnataka, and NIT Rourkela have phenomenal placement records, with average salaries around ₹12-16+ LPA.
• Fees: Moderate to low, offering excellent ROI. They are centrally funded technical institutes (CFTIs).
• Admission: Requires a high rank in the JEE Main exam.

• Placements & Salary: Very good. Institutions like Delhi Technological University (DTU), Netaji Subhas University of Technology (NSUT), and Jadavpur University offer strong placements and competitive salaries (avg. ₹10-15+ LPA).
• Fees: Low, as they are state or centrally funded.
• Admission: Varies by institute. DTU/NSUT use JEE Main ranks, while Jadavpur uses the WBJEE exam.

• Placements & Salary: Good placements with decent average salaries (avg. ₹7-12 LPA). However, the top salaries often go to a select few students.
• Fees: High. These institutes charge significantly higher tuition fees, which impacts the overall ROI.
• Admission: Through university-specific entrance exams or direct admission based on Class 12 scores/JEE Main rank. Examples include:
  • Birla Institute of Technology and Science (BITS Pilani, Goa, Hyderabad) - very high fees, but excellent placements.
  • Vellore Institute of Technology (VIT)
  • SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRMIST)

After the 2023-24 revised CBSE syllabus, many chapters have been removed, and in some chapters syllabus is reduced. As per the latest CBSE exam pattern 2025-26, the Chapter 1 Solutions will be asked for 5-7 marks in the Class 12 Chemistry CBSE board exams.

For other competitive exams, the Solutions chapter has a medium weightage in the NEET exam. In the NEET exam, 1-2 questions are frequently asked based on the concept of moderate-level numerical.

Physical Chemistry holds over 30% weightage in the chemistry section in the JEE Mains exam. The solutions chapter is considered a part of physical chemistry.  You can expect 1 question form the solutions chapter in JEE Mains exam.