12.59. What do you understand by resonance effect? Name the two types of it.
12.59. What do you understand by resonance effect? Name the two types of it.
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1 Answer
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The resonance effect is defined as 'the polarity produced in the molecule by the interaction of two π -bonds or between a π -bond and lone pair of electrons present on an adjacent atom'. The effect is transmitted through the chain. There are two types of resonance or mesomeric effect designated as +R and-R effect.
The atoms or substituent groups, whichrepresent +R or –R electron displacementeffects are as follows:
+R effect: – halogen, –OH, –OR, –OCOR, –NH2, –NHR, –NR2, –NHCOR,
– R effect: – COOH, –CHO, >C=O, – CN, –NO2
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