Chemistry NCERT Exemplar Solutions Class 11th Chapter Twelve Chemistry Class 11th Some Basic Principles and Techniques

5. Draw a diagram of bubble plate type fractionating column. When do we require such type of a column for separating two liquids. Explain the principle involved in the separation of components of a mixture of liquids by using fractionating column. What industrial applications does this process have?

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alok kumar singh | Contributor-Level 10

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5. Whenever the difference in the boiling points of two liquids is not much than simple distillation technique cannot be used to separate them. The vapours of such liquids are formed within the same temperature range and are condensed simultaneously and hence the technique of fractional distillation is used in such cases. In this technique, vapours of a liquid mixture are passed through a fractionating column before condensation. The fractionating column is fitted over the mouth of the round bottomed flask. The vapours of the liquid with higher boiling point condense before the vapours of the liquid with lower boiling point. The vapour

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65. Assertion (A): Components of a mixture of red and blue inks can be separated by distributing the components between stationary and mobile phases in paper chromatography.

Reason (R): The coloured components of inks migrate at different rates because paper selectively retains different components according to the difference in their partition between the two phases.

(i) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Both A and R are not correct.

(iv) A is not correct but R is correct.

alok kumar singh

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

65. Option (i)

i.e., Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A is the answer since in paper chromatography, a special quality of paper known as chromatography paper is used. Chromatography paper contains water molecules trapped in it which acts as the stationary phase. A strip of chromatography paper spotted at the base with the solution of the mixture is suspended in a suitable solvent or a mixture of solvents which acts as the mobile phase. The solvent rises up the paper by capillary action and flows over the spot. The paper selectively

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64. Assertion (A): Sulphur present in an organic compound can be estimated quantitatively by Carious method.

Reason (R): Sulphur is separated easily from other atoms in the molecule and gets precipitated as light-yellow solid.

(i) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Both A and R are not correct.

(iv) A is not correct but R is correct.

alok kumar singh

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

64. Option (iii) i.e., Both A and R are not correct is the answer since sulphur is estimated by Carius method in the form of white precipitate of BaSO₄ on heating with fuming and BaCl₂. If light yellow solid is obtained means impurities are present. It is filtered, washed and then dried to get pure BaSO₄ .

63. Assertion (A): All the carbon atoms in H₂C=C=CH₂are sp² hybridized

Reason (R): In this molecule, all the carbon atoms are attached to each other by double bonds.

(i) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Both A and R are not correct.

(iv) A is not correct but R is correct.

alok kumar singh

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

63. Option (iv) i.e., A is not correct, but R is correct is the answer since hybridization of C can be found out by counting σ bonds and π bonds present on C atom. This can be shown as-

If C has 3σ bonds then it is sp² hybridized. If C has 2σ bonds then it is sp hybridized.

62. Assertion (A): Pent- 1- ene and pent- 2- ene are position isomers. Reason (R): Position isomers differ in the position of functional group or substituent.

(i) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Both A and R are not correct. (iv) A is not correct but R is correct.

alok kumar singh

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

62. Option (i) i.e.,

Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A is the answer as when two or more compounds differ in the position of substituent atom or functional group on the carbon skeleton, they are known as position isomers and this phenomenon is termed as position isomerism. Pent-2-ene and pent-l-ene are position isomers because they differ in the position of the double bond.

61. Assertion (A): Energy of resonance hybrid is equal to the average of energies of all canonical forms.

Reason (R) : Resonance hybrid cannot be presented by a single structure.

(i) Both A and R are correct, and R is the correct explanation of A.

(ii) Both A and R are correct, but R is not the correct explanation of A.

(iii) Both A and R are not correct.

(iv) A is not correct but R is correct

alok kumar singh

This is a Assertion Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar

61. Option (iv)

i.e., A is not correct, but R is correct is the answer. This is because canonical structures always have more energy than the resonance hybrid. Resonance hybrids are always found to be more stable than any of the canonical structures since the delocalization of electrons lowers the orbitals energy and gives stability.