Define the law of multiple proportions. Explain it with two examples. How does this law point to the existance of atoms?

<p>This is a Long Answer Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar</p><p>According to the law of multiple proportions, when two elements react to form two or more than two chemical compounds, the ratio between different masses of one of the elements combining with a fixed mass of the other is always in the ratio of tiny numbers.</p><p>&nbsp;Example:</p><p><strong>1. </strong>Compounds of carbon and oxygen:</p><p>C and O react to form two different compounds CO and CO₂. In CO, 12 parts by mass of C reacts with 16 parts by mass of 0 .</p><p>In CO₂ ,12 parts by mass of C reacts with 32 parts by mass of O .</p><p>If the mass of C is fixed at 12 parts of mass then the ratio in the masses of oxygen which reacts with the fixed mass of C is 16: 32, that is, 1: 2 .</p><p>Therefore, the mass of oxygen contains a simple ratio of 1: 2 to each other.</p><p><strong>2.</strong> Compounds of sulphur and oxygen:</p><p>S and O reacts to form two compounds SO₂and SO_{3 .}</p><p>&nbsp;In SO₂ ,32&nbsp; parts by mass of S reacts with 32 parts by mass of O . In SO₃ ,32&nbsp; parts by mass of S reacts with 48 parts by mass of O .</p><p>If the mass of S is fixed at 32 parts of mass then the ratio in the masses of oxygen which react with the fixed mass of S is 32: 48, that is, 2: 3.</p><p>This law demonstrates that certain constituents combine in a specific proportion. It's possible that these constituents are atoms. As a result, the law of multiple proportions tells the existence of atoms that can join to form molecules.</p>

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