How do enzymes catalyse a chemical reaction in the living system? Explain drug target interaction taking the example of enzyme as target.

<p><span data-teams="true">This is a long answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar</span></p><p>Enzymes catalyse many reactions by</p><p><strong> (i)</strong> Holding the substrate for a chemical reaction. Active sites hold the substrate molecule in a suitable positions So that it can be attacked by the reagent effectively. Substrates bind to the active site of enzyme through ionic or hydrogen bonding or van there Waals or dipole-dipole, interactions.</p><p><strong> (ii)</strong> Enzyme provides functional groups that will attack the substrate to carry out the chemical reaction. This function is carried out chemical&nbsp;reaction: This function iscarried out by some other amino acid residues of protein present on the active site of the enzyme. These free amino group to attack the substrate and bring about chemical reaction. Drugs can inhibit these activities by blocking site of enzyme and prevent the binding of substrate. Such drugs are called enzyme inhibitors.</p>

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