Synthetic detergents have advantage over usual soaps as far as cleansing power is concerned. But use of synthetic detergents over a long time creates environmental pollution. How can the pollution caused by synthetic detergents be minimized? Classify the detergents according to their chemical nature.

This is a long answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which actually do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water as they given foam even in hard water. Detergents can be classified into three groups according their chemical nature.

(i) Anionic detergents – These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons and sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates. e.g., CH₃ (CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃^– Na⁺
Anionic part of these detergents is involved in cleansing action.

(ii) Cationic detergents – The

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This is a long answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar

Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which actually do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water as they given foam even in hard water. Detergents can be classified into three groups according their chemical nature.

(i) Anionic detergents – These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons and sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates. e.g., CH₃ (CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃^– Na⁺
Anionic part of these detergents is involved in cleansing action.

(ii) Cationic detergents – These are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.

(iii) Non-ionic detergents – These do not contain any ion in their constitution, e.g., detergent formed by steric acid and polyethylene glycol. CH₃ (CH₂)₁₆C00 (CH₂CH₂0)_nCH₂CH₂OH.

 

Pollution by synthetic detergents can be minimized by reducing the branching of hydrocarbon chain or using unbranched hydrocarbons.

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<p><span data-teams="true">This is a long answer type question as classified in NCERT Exemplar</span></p><p>Synthetic detergents are cleansing agents which have all the properties of soaps, but which actually do not contain any soap. These can be used both in soft and hard water as they given foam even in hard water. Detergents can be classified into three groups according their chemical nature.</p><p><strong> (i) Anionic detergents –</strong> These are sodium salts of sulphonated long chain alcohols or hydrocarbons and sodium alkyl benzene sulphonates. e.g., CH₃ (CH₂)₁₀CH₂OSO₃^–&nbsp;Na⁺<br>Anionic part of these detergents is involved in cleansing action.</p><p><strong> (ii) Cationic detergents – </strong>These are quaternary ammonium salts of amines with acetates, chlorides or bromides as anions.</p><div><div><picture><source srcset="" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/1751004085phpqbWVir.jpeg" alt="" width="233" height="106" loading="lazy"></picture></div><div><strong> (iii) Non-ionic detergents –&nbsp;</strong>These do not contain any ion in their constitution, e.g., detergent formed by steric acid and polyethylene glycol. CH₃ (CH₂)₁₆C00 (CH₂CH₂0)_nCH₂CH₂OH.</div><div>&nbsp;</div><div>Pollution by synthetic detergents can be minimized by reducing the branching of hydrocarbon chain or using unbranched hydrocarbons.</div></div>

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