For each of the following compound statements first identify the connecting words and then break it into component statements.

(i) All rational numbers are real and all real numbers are not complex.

(ii) Square of an integer is positive or negative.

(iii) The sand heats up quickly in the Sun and does not cool down fast at night.

(iv) x = 2 and x = 3 are the roots of the equation 3x₂ – x – 10 = 0.

Case – I $\Delta \equiv \nabla \equiv \wedge$  

              $\left(p\wedge q\right)\to \left(\left(p\wedge q\right)\wedge r\right)$  

              it can be false if r is false,

              so not a tautology

   &n

pva $\left(\sim rvp\right)$ $$

$\sim \left(p\vee q\right)\vee \left(\sim rvp\right)$

its negation as asked in question

$\left(p\vee q\right)\wedge \left(\sim p\wedge r\right)$

= $\left(p\wedge \sim p\wedge r\right)\vee \left(q\wedge r\wedge \sim p\right)$

= $\left(p\wedge r\wedge \sim p\right)\left[asp\wedge \sim pisfalse\right]$

$2021\equiv -2$ mod (7)

$\Rightarrow {\left(2021\right)}^{2023}\equiv {\left(-2\right)}^{2023}mod\left(7\right)$   …… (i)

Now,   ${\left(-2\right)}^3\equiv -1mod\left(7\right)$  

$\Rightarrow {\left(-2\right)}^{2023}\equiv \left(-2\right)mod\left(7\right)\equiv 5mod\left(7\right)$       ……. (ii)

(i) & (ii)

$\Rightarrow {\left(2021\right)}^{2023}\equiv 5mod\left(7\right)$  

$\therefore$  Remainder = 5

kindly consider the following Image 

$\sim \left(p\iff \sim q\right)\wedge q=\left(p\iff \sim q\right)\wedge qis:$

$\therefore \left(\sim \left(P\iff \sim Q\right)\right)\wedge$ q is equivalent to $\left(p\Rightarrow q\right)\wedge$