What are stress and strain? Explain their types as per NCERT Solutions for Class 11 Physics Chapter 8 Mechanical Properties of Solids.

While studying the mechanical properties of solids, stress and strain are fundamental concepts.

Stress: It refers to the condition when the external force is applied to a solid body and it experiences an internal restoring force per unit area. The resisting deformation due to the internal force is called stress. The formula is:

The SI unit of stress is N/m² (Pascal, Pa).

There are three types of stress -

1. When the applied force increases the length of the body, it is called tensile stress.
2. When the applied force decreases the length of the body, it is termed as the compressive stress.
3. When the force is applied tangentially and creates defor

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While studying the mechanical properties of solids, stress and strain are fundamental concepts.

Stress: It refers to the condition when the external force is applied to a solid body and it experiences an internal restoring force per unit area. The resisting deformation due to the internal force is called stress. The formula is:

The SI unit of stress is N/m² (Pascal, Pa).

There are three types of stress -

1. When the applied force increases the length of the body, it is called tensile stress.
2. When the applied force decreases the length of the body, it is termed as the compressive stress.
3. When the force is applied tangentially and creates deformation in shape, it is called shear stress.

Strain: It is a dimension less quantity. It refers to the relative deformation produced in a body due to applied stress. The formula is:

There are three types of strain:

1. Change in length per unit original length is called the Longitudinal Strain.
2. The change in volume per unit original volume is called the Volumetric Strain.
3. Angular deformation due to shear stress is called Shear Strain.

Hooke's Law relates stress and strain by a formula. It states that within the elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain:

E stands for the modulus of elasticity.

 

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<p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">While studying the mechanical properties of solids, stress and strain are fundamental concepts.</span></p><p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Stress</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">: It refers to the condition when the external force is applied to a solid body and it experiences an internal restoring force per unit area. The resisting deformation due to the internal force is called stress. The formula is:</span></p><div class="photo-widget"><div class="figure"><picture><source srcset="" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/1743680765phppux3Qg.jpeg" alt="" width="295" height="105" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">The </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">SI unit of stress is N/m² (Pascal, Pa)</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">.</span></p><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">There are three types of stress - </span></p><ol><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">When the applied force increases the length of the body, it is called </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">tensile stress.</span></strong></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">When the applied force decreases the length of the body, it is termed as the </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">compressive stress.</span></strong></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">When the force is applied tangentially and creates deformation in shape, it is called </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">shear stress.</span></strong></li></ol><p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Strain:</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true"> It is a dimension less quantity. It refers to the relative deformation produced in a body due to applied stress. The formula is: </span></p><div class="photo-widget"><div class="figure"><picture><source srcset="" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/1743680863phpyWvnbo.jpeg" alt="" width="459" height="92" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">There are three types of strain:</span></p><ol><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Change in length per unit original length is called the </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Longitudinal Strain</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">.</span></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">The change in volume per unit </span><span data-preserver-spaces="true">original</span><span data-preserver-spaces="true"> volume is called the </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Volumetric Strain.</span></strong></li><li><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Angular deformation due to shear stress is called </span><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Shear Strain.</span></strong></li></ol><p><strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true">Hooke's Law</span></strong><span data-preserver-spaces="true"> relates stress and strain by a formula. It states that within the elastic limit, stress is directly proportional to strain:</span></p><div class="photo-widget"><div class="figure"><picture><source srcset="" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/1743680765phppux3Qg.jpeg"9 alt="" width="292" height="123" loading="lazy"></picture></div></div><p><span data-preserver-spaces="true">E stands for the modulus of elasticity.</span></p><p>&nbsp;</p>

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