What are the main topics covered in Class 11 Maths Chapter 4 as pr the latest CBSE Syllabus 2025-26?

<p>Chapter 4 of class 11 Maths covers concepts such as complex numbers, imaginary unit <em data-start="1325" data-end="1328">i</em>, algebra of complex numbers, polar representation, quadratic equations, and the nature of roots. Students can find details below;</p><ul><li><p><strong>Definition of Complex Numbers: </strong>Introduction to the general form <em>a + ib</em>, where <em>i</em> is the imaginary unit (i² = –1).</p></li><li><p><strong>Algebra of Complex Numbers: </strong>Operations such as addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of complex numbers.</p></li><li><p><strong>Complex Plane (Argand Plane):&nbsp;</strong>Graphical representation of complex numbers&nbsp; using the x-axis (real part) and y-axis (imaginary part).</p></li><li><p><strong>Modulus and Conjugate of a Complex Number</strong></p><ul><li><p><em>Modulus</em> = |z| =? (a² + b²)</p></li><li><p><em>Conjugate</em> = a – ib</p></li></ul></li><li><p>Polar Representation of Complex Numbers in the form <em>r (cos? + I sin? )</em> using modulus and argument (angle? ).</p></li><li><p>Quadratic Equations with Real Coefficients</p></li><li><p><strong>Nature of Roots Based on Discriminant (? = b² – 4ac)</strong></p><ul><li><p>? &gt; 0: Real and distinct roots</p></li><li><p>? = 0: Real and equal roots</p></li><li><p>? &lt; 0: Complex conjugate roots</p></li></ul></li><li><p><strong>Solving Quadratic Equations in the Complex Number System</strong></p></li></ul>

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