What is the difference between VFR (Visual Flight Rules) and IFR (Instrument Flight Rules)?

Navigation

Pilots navigate using external visual references (landmarks, horizon, etc.).

Pilots navigate using aircraft instruments without external visibility.

Weather Conditions

Requires clear weather and visibility above set limits.

Can operate in poor weather, fog, clouds, and low visibility.

Air Traffic Control (ATC)

Less ATC dependency; pilots have more freedom.

Requires continuous ATC clearance and monitoring.

Altitude & Flight Planning

More flexible; follows specific altitudes in uncontrolled airspace.

Follows pre-planned routes and altitude assignments.

Common Usage

Used for small aircraft, private flying, and short-distance flights.

Used for commercial airlines, long-haul flights, and bad weather conditions.