How does a transformer increase the voltage?

Hi Chanchal, Well, first of all, you can't get something for nothing. The work electricity can do is measured in watts. Light a bulb, run a microwave, a hair dryer, whatever. And watts are calculated using Ohms Law: E (volts) times I (current) = P (power, in watts). So, for a given amount of power, if E goes up, I must go down. Transformers pass current by the primary generating a magnetic fiel, which induces a current and voltage in the secondary. You can step up, down, or neither voltage.This is accomplished by having a different number of windings on the primary and secondary coils. If the number of turns on the coil in both primary and secondary coils is the same , the voltage and current on both sides will be the same, minus the loss incurred across the transformer. Commercial transformers are very efficient, upwards of 95%. If the windings on the secondary are twice as many as on the primary, the voltage will double, the current will halve. I hope it's clear. All the best.

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