10.13 Which one of the following has the highest dipole moment?

(i) CH2Cl 2 (ii) CHCl 3 (iii) CCl4 

Dipole moment of a molecule depends on the electronegativity difference between atoms bonded covalently and geometry of the molecule (how far the atoms are from each other). Dipole moment is important to understand the polarity of a molecule.

The three dimensional structures of the three compounds along with the direction of dipole moment in each of their bonds are given below:-

CCl₄ being symmetrical has zero dipole moment. In CHCl₃, the resultant of the two C-Cl dipole moments is opposed by the resultant of C-H and C-Cl bonds. Since the dipole Moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former, CHCl₃ has a finite dipo

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Dipole moment of a molecule depends on the electronegativity difference between atoms bonded covalently and geometry of the molecule (how far the atoms are from each other). Dipole moment is important to understand the polarity of a molecule.

The three dimensional structures of the three compounds along with the direction of dipole moment in each of their bonds are given below:-

CCl₄ being symmetrical has zero dipole moment. In CHCl₃, the resultant of the two C-Cl dipole moments is opposed by the resultant of C-H and C-Cl bonds. Since the dipole Moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former, CHCl₃ has a finite dipole moment (1.03D)

In CH₂Cl_2, the resultant of two C-Cl dipole moments is reinforced by resultant of two C-H dipoles. Therefore, CH₂Cl₂ (1.62D) has a dipole moment higher than that of CHCl₃. Thus, CH₂Cl₂ has the highest dipole moment.

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<p>Dipole moment of a molecule depends on the electronegativity difference between atoms bonded covalently and geometry of the molecule (how far the atoms are from each other). Dipole moment is important to understand the polarity of a molecule.</p><p><br>The three dimensional structures of the three compounds along with the direction of dipole moment in each of their bonds are given below:-</p><div><div><picture><source srcset="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/articles/1690438831php051a8O_480x360.jpeg" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/articles/1690438831php051a8O.jpeg" alt="" width="533" height="148"></picture></div></div><p>CCl₄ being symmetrical has zero dipole moment. In CHCl₃, the resultant of the two C-Cl dipole moments is opposed by the resultant of C-H and C-Cl bonds. Since the dipole Moment of latter resultant is expected to be smaller than the former, CHCl₃ has a finite dipole moment (1.03D)</p><p>In CH₂Cl_2, the resultant of two C-Cl dipole moments is reinforced by resultant of two C-H dipoles. Therefore, CH₂Cl₂ (1.62D) has a dipole moment higher than that of CHCl₃. Thus, CH₂Cl₂ has the highest dipole moment.</p>

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