10.24. Explain the significance of sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium in biological fluids.

<p><strong>Sodium:</strong></p><ul><li>Na⁺ions participate in the transmission of nerve signals, in regulating the flow of water across cell membranes.</li><li>In the transport of sugars and amino acids into cell.</li></ul><p><strong>Potassium:</strong></p><ul><li>K⁺ions activate many enzymes.</li><li>Participate in the oxidation of glucose to produce ATP.</li></ul><p><strong>Magnesium:</strong></p><ul><li>All enzymes that utilise ATP in phosphate transfer require magnesium as a cofactor.</li><li>Mg is the central metal ion present in chlorophyll pigment in plants.</li></ul><p><strong>Calcium:</strong></p><ul><li>Ca²⁺&nbsp;ions are present in bones.</li><li>plays important roles in neuromuscular function.</li></ul>

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