12.17. Explain the terms Inductive and Electromeric effects. Which electron displacement effect explains the following correct orders of acidity of the carboxylic acids?
(a) Cl₃CCOOH > Cl₂CHCOOH > ClCH₂ COOH
(b) CH₃CH₂COOH > (CH₃)₂ CHCOOH > (CH₃)₃CCOOH

Inductive effect: The inductive effect refers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher electronegativity of one atom compared to another. Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atom are said to have +I Effect. Examples of +I effect are (Electron releasing)
(CH₃)₂C—, (CH₃)₂CH—, CH₃CH₂— CH₃— etc.
Those atoms or groups which draw electron away from a carbon atom are said to have -I Effect. Examples of -I effect are:
NO₂, F, Cl, Br, I, OH etc.

Electromeric effect: The electromeric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound as it is approached by a reagent.

The atom A has lost

...more

Inductive effect: The inductive effect refers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher electronegativity of one atom compared to another. Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atom are said to have +I Effect. Examples of +I effect are (Electron releasing)
(CH₃)₂C—, (CH₃)₂CH—, CH₃CH₂— CH₃— etc.
Those atoms or groups which draw electron away from a carbon atom are said to have -I Effect. Examples of -I effect are:
NO₂, F, Cl, Br, I, OH etc.

Electromeric effect: The electromeric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound as it is approached by a reagent.

The atom A has lost its share of electron pair and B has gained this share.
As a result A acquires a positive charge and B a negative charge. It is a temporary effect and takes place only in the presence of a reagent.
(a) –I effect as shown below:
As the number of halogen atoms decreases, the overall -I effect decreases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.

(b) +I effect as shown below:
As the number of alkyl groups increases, the +I effect increases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.

less

<p><strong>Inductive effect:</strong> The inductive effect refers to the polarity produced in a molecule as a result of higher electronegativity of one atom compared to another. Atoms or groups which lose electron towards a carbon atom are said to have +I Effect. Examples of +I effect are (Electron releasing)<br> (CH₃)₂C—, (CH₃)₂CH—, CH₃CH₂— CH₃— etc.<br>Those atoms or groups which draw electron away from a carbon atom are said to have -I Effect. Examples of -I effect are:<br>NO₂, F, Cl, Br, I, OH etc.<br><br><strong>Electromeric effect:</strong> The electromeric effect refers to the polarity produced in a multiple bonded compound as it is approached by a reagent.<br><br>The atom A has lost its share of electron pair and B has gained this share.<br>As a result A acquires a positive charge and B a negative charge. It is a temporary effect and takes place only in the presence of a reagent.<br><strong> (a) –I effect as shown below:</strong><br>As the number of halogen atoms decreases, the overall -I effect decreases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.<br><br><strong> (b) +I effect as shown below:</strong><br>As the number of alkyl groups increases, the +I effect increases and the acid strength decreases accordingly.</p><div><div><picture><source srcset="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/articles/1742296634phpkBQsRP_480x360.jpeg" media=" (max-width: 500px)"><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/articles/1742296634phpkBQsRP.jpeg" alt="" width="661" height="123"></picture></div></div>

0 Upvotes 0 Upvotes 0 Downvotes

• • Report Abuse
• Comment