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physics ncert solutions class 11th Physics Class 11th Thermal Properties of Matter

**11.22 Answer the following questions based on the P – T phase diagram of CO₂:

(a) CO₂ at 1 atm pressure and temperature – 60 °C is compressed isothermally. Does it go through a liquid phase ?

(b) What happens when CO₂at 4 atm pressure is cooled from room temperature at constant pressure ?

(c) Describe qualitatively the changes in a given mass of solid CO₂ at 10 atm pressure and temperature –65 °C as it is heated up to room temperature at constant pressure.

(d)** CO₂ is heated to a temperature 70 °C and compressed isothermally. What changes in its properties do you expect to observe?

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Payal Gupta | Contributor-Level 10

4 months ago

11.22

The fusion and boiling points are given by the intersection point where this parallel line cuts the fusion and vaporization curves. It departs from ideal gas behavior as pressure increases.

(a) At 1 atm pressure and at – 60 °C, it lies left of -56.6 $?$ (triple point O). Hence, it lies in the region of vapour and solid phases. Thus, CO₂ condenses into solid state directly, without going through liquid phases.

(b) At 4 atm pressure, CO₂ lies below 5.11 atm (triple point O). Hence it lies in the region of vaporous and solid phases. Thus, CO₂condenses into solid state directly, without going through liquid

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11.22

The fusion and boiling points are given by the intersection point where this parallel line cuts the fusion and vaporization curves. It departs from ideal gas behavior as pressure increases.

(c) When the temperature of a mass of solid CO₂ ( at 10 atm pressure and at -65 $?$ is increased, it changes to the liquid phase and then to the vaporous phase. It forms a line parallel to the temperature axis at 10 atm. The fusion and boiling points are given by the intersection point where this parallel line cuts the fusion and vaporization curves.

(d) If CO2 is heated to 70 $?)$ compressed isothermally, then it will not exhibit any transition to the liquid state. This because 70 $? a n d$ is higher than the critical temperature of CO₂. It will remain in the vapour state, but will depart from its ideal behavior as pressure increases.

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11.22<picture><img src="https://images.shiksha.com/mediadata/images/articles/1729159102phpxxlKuY.jpeg" alt="" width="266" height="181"></picture>The fusion and boiling points are given by the intersection point where this parallel line cuts the fusion and vaporization curves. It departs from ideal gas behavior as pressure increases. (a) At 1 atm pressure and at – 60 °C, it lies left of -56.6 <math><mi>? </mi></math> (triple point O). Hence, it lies in the region of vapour and solid phases. Thus,  CO2  condenses into solid state directly, without going through liquid phases. (b) At 4 atm pressure,  CO2 lies below 5.11 atm (triple point O). Hence it lies in the region of vaporous and solid phases. Thus, CO2 condenses into solid state directly, without going through liquid state. (c) When the temperature of a mass of solid  CO2 ( at 10 atm pressure and at -65 <math><mi>? </mi></math> is increased, it changes to the liquid phase and then to the vaporous phase. It forms a line parallel to the temperature axis at 10 atm. The fusion and boiling points are given by the intersection point where this parallel line cuts the fusion and vaporization curves. (d) If CO2 is heated to 70 <math><mi>? </mi><mo>)</mo><mi></mi></math> compressed isothermally, then it will not exhibit any transition to the liquid state. This because 70 <math><mi>? </mi><mi></mi><mi mathvariant="normal">a</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">n</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">d</mi><mi mathvariant="normal"></mi></math> is higher than the critical temperature of  CO2 . It will remain in the vapour state, but will depart from its ideal behavior as pressure increases.

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At what temperature a gold ring of diameter 6.230cm be heated so that it can be fitted on a wooden bangle of diameter. 6.241cm? Both the diameters have been measured at room temperature (27°C).

(Given : coefficient of linear thermal expansion of gold a_L = 1.4 × 10^-⁵ K^-¹)

alok kumar singh

According to question, we can write

$d = d_{0} (1 + α Δ T) \Rightarrow 6.241 = 6.230 (1 + 1.4 \times 1 0^{- 5} \times Δ T)$

$\Rightarrow T = 126.18 + 27 = 153.18 ° C$

A copper block of mass 5.0kg is heated to a temperature of $500 ° C$ and is placed on a large ice block. What is the maximum amount of ice that can melt?

[Specific heat of copper : 0.39 J g^-1 ⁰C^-1 and latent heat of fusion of water : 335 J g^-1]

Raj Pandey

Heat Released by block = Heat gain by large Ice block

$\Rightarrow m c Δ T = M_{i c e} L$

5 × 0.39 × 500 = m_ice × 335

$m_{i c e} = \frac{5 \times 0.39 \times 500}{335}$

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A solid metallic cube having total surface area 24 m² is uniformly heated. if its temperature is increased by 10⁰C, calculate the increase in volume of the cube.

(Given a = 5.0 × 10^-4 ⁰C^-1).

Raj Pandey

Given

6a² = 24

a2 = 4

a = 2m

$Δ v = v (γ) Δ T$

$= 3 α v Δ T$

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$= 3 \times 5 \times 1 0^{- 4} \times 8 \times 10$

$\begin{array}{l} = 120 \times 1 0^{3} \\ = 1.2 \times 1 0^{5} c m^{3} \end{array}$

A glass full of hot milk is poured on the table. It begins to cool gradually. Which of the following is correct?

(a) The rate of cooling is constant till milk attains the temperature of the surrounding

(b) The temperature of milk falls off exponentially with time

(c) While cooling, there is a flow of heat from milk to the surrounding as well as from surrounding to the milk but the net flow of heat is from milk to the surrounding and that is why it cools

(d) All three phenomenon, conduction, convection and radiation are responsible for the loss of heat from milk to the surroundings

Payal Gupta

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

(b), (c), (d) When the hot milk in the table is transferred to the surroundings by conduction, convection and radiation.

According to newton's law of cooling temperature of the milk falls of exponentially. Heat also will be transferred from surroundings to the milk but will be lesser than that of transferred from milk to surroundings. So option b, c, d satisfy.

Refer to the plot of temperature versus time (Fig) showing the changes in the state of ice on heating (not to scale) Which of the following is correct?

(a) The region AB represents ice and water in thermal equilibrium

(b) At B water starts boiling

(c) At C all the water gets converted into steam

(d) C to D represents water and steam in equilibrium at boiling point

Payal Gupta

This is a multiple choice answer as classified in NCERT Exemplar

(a), (d) During the process AB temperature of the system is 0⁰C . hence it represents phase change that is transformation of ice into water while temperature remains 0⁰C.

BC represents rise in temperature of water from 0⁰C to 100⁰C. now water starts converting into steam which is represented by CD.

Which is only represents by a, d options

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