5.16 Answer the following questions:

(a) Why does a paramagnetic sample display greater magnetization (for the same magnetizing field) when cooled?

(b) Why is diamagnetism, in contrast, almost independent of temperature?

(c) If a toroid uses bismuth for its core, will the field in the core be (slightly) greater or (slightly) less than when the core is empty?

(d) Is the permeability of a ferromagnetic material independent of the magnetic field? If not, is it more for lower or higher fields?

(e) Magnetic field lines are always nearly normal to the surface of a ferromagnet at every point. (This fact is analogous to the static electric field lines being normal to the surface of a conductor at every point.) Why?

(f) Would the maximum possible magnetization of a paramagnetic sample be of the same order of magnitude as the magnetization of a ferromagnet?

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    Answered by

    Payal Gupta | Contributor-Level 10

    4 months ago

    5.16 (a) Due to random thermal motion of molecules, the alignment of dipoles gets disrupted at high temperatures. On cooling, this disruption is reduced. Hence, a paramagnetic sample displays greater magnetisation when cooled.

    (b) The induced dipole moment in a diamagnetic substance is always opposite to the magnetising field. Hence, the internal motion of atoms (which is related to the temperature) does not affect the diamagnetism of a material.

    (c) Bismuth is a diamagnetic substance. Hence, a toroid with a bismuth core has a magnetic field slightly greater than toroid whose core is empty.

    (d) The permeability of ferromagnetic ma

    ...more

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