3.17. How would you explain the fact that the first ionization enthalpy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium but its second ionization enthalpy is higher than that of magnesium?

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10 months ago

3.17. Electronic configuration of Na and Mg are

Na = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s1
Mg = 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2

First electron in both cases has to be removed from 3s-orbital but the nuclear charge of Na (+ 11) is lower than that of Mg (+ 12) therefore first ionization energy of sodium is lower than that of magnesium.
After

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Among isoelectronic monoatomic species, size is inversely proportional to atomic number. Hence among isoelectronic species Na? , O²? , N³? , F? (having the nearest noble gas configuration);
Order of size is Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
N³? has least atomic number hence the largest size

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Electron gain enthalpy increases with electro negativity chlorine has higher electron gain enthalpy than fluorine (exception)

In isoelectronic species nuclear charge can be approximated as
Nuclear charge ≈ z / no. of electrons
Al³? Mg²? Na? F? O²? N³?
Nuclear Charge: 13/10 12/10 11/10 9/10 8/10 7/10
Minimum nuclear charge is in N³? and maximum is in Al³?
So order should be
Al³? < Mg²? < Na? < F? < O²? < N³?

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