3.20. Which of the following pairs of elements would have a more negative electron gain enthalpy? (i) O or F (ii) F or Cl.  

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Solution:

Enthalpy in simple terms means chemical energy, the Electron Gain Enthalpy is equal to the energy released or absorbed when an atom gains an electron to form a anion (in gaseous state).

The Negative ion enthalpy is measured when net amount of energy decreases. This happens when atom releases

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Among isoelectronic monoatomic species, size is inversely proportional to atomic number. Hence among isoelectronic species Na? , O²? , N³? , F? (having the nearest noble gas configuration);
Order of size is Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
N³? has least atomic number hence the largest size

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Electron gain enthalpy increases with electro negativity chlorine has higher electron gain enthalpy than fluorine (exception)

In isoelectronic species nuclear charge can be approximated as
Nuclear charge ≈ z / no. of electrons
Al³? Mg²? Na? F? O²? N³?
Nuclear Charge: 13/10 12/10 11/10 9/10 8/10 7/10
Minimum nuclear charge is in N³? and maximum is in Al³?
So order should be
Al³? < Mg²? < Na? < F? < O²? < N³?

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