Define ionisation enthalpy. Discuss the factors affecting ionisation enthalpy of the elements and its trends in the periodic table.
Define ionisation enthalpy. Discuss the factors affecting ionisation enthalpy of the elements and its trends in the periodic table.
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The amount of energy required to remove an electron from the outermost shell of an isolated gaseous atom in its ground state is said to be ionisation enthalpy.
The factors that affect ionization enthalpy of the elements are as follows:
(a) Effective nuclear charge with its increase the ionization enthalpy also increases
(b) Atomic size with its increase the ionization enthalpy decreases
(c) The e-e - repulsion with its increase the ionization enthalpy decreases
(d) Whenever there exists half filled or completely filled orbital than it lead to increase the ionization enthalpy b
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Among isoelectronic monoatomic species, size is inversely proportional to atomic number. Hence among isoelectronic species Na? , O²? , N³? , F? (having the nearest noble gas configuration);
Order of size is Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
N³? has least atomic number hence the largest size
Electron gain enthalpy increases with electro negativity chlorine has higher electron gain enthalpy than fluorine (exception)
In isoelectronic species nuclear charge can be approximated as
Nuclear charge ≈ z / no. of electrons
Al³? Mg²? Na? F? O²? N³?
Nuclear Charge: 13/10 12/10 11/10 9/10 8/10 7/10
Minimum nuclear charge is in N³? and maximum is in Al³?
So order should be
Al³? < Mg²? < Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
(a) The element V has the highest first ionization enthalpy (? iH1) and positive electron gain enthalpy (? egH) and hence it is the least reactive element. Since inert gases have positive? egH, therefore, the element-V must be an inert gas. The values of? iH1, ? iH2 and? egH match that of He.
(b) The element II which has the least first ionization enthalpy (? iH1) and a low negative electron gain enthalpy (? egH) is the most reactive metal. The values of ? iH1, ? iH2 and? egH match that of K (potassium).
(c) The element III which has high fi
This is a Matching Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
i d + 48
ii a &n
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