Illustrate by taking examples of transition elements and non-transition elements that oxidation states of elements are largely based on electronic configuration.
Illustrate by taking examples of transition elements and non-transition elements that oxidation states of elements are largely based on electronic configuration.
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The electronic configuration of Cr= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 4s1 3d10
The electronic configuration of Cr after losing one electron= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6 3d10
The electronic configuration of F= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p5
The electronic configuration of F after gaining one electron= 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p6
From the above electronic configuration, we can see that chromium will achieve stable electronic configuration after losing one 4s electron and fluorine will achieve stable electronic configuration after gaining one electron. So, the oxidation of chromium will be +1 and that of fluorine w
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Among isoelectronic monoatomic species, size is inversely proportional to atomic number. Hence among isoelectronic species Na? , O²? , N³? , F? (having the nearest noble gas configuration);
Order of size is Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
N³? has least atomic number hence the largest size
Electron gain enthalpy increases with electro negativity chlorine has higher electron gain enthalpy than fluorine (exception)
In isoelectronic species nuclear charge can be approximated as
Nuclear charge ≈ z / no. of electrons
Al³? Mg²? Na? F? O²? N³?
Nuclear Charge: 13/10 12/10 11/10 9/10 8/10 7/10
Minimum nuclear charge is in N³? and maximum is in Al³?
So order should be
Al³? < Mg²? < Na? < F? < O²? < N³?
(a) The element V has the highest first ionization enthalpy (? iH1) and positive electron gain enthalpy (? egH) and hence it is the least reactive element. Since inert gases have positive? egH, therefore, the element-V must be an inert gas. The values of? iH1, ? iH2 and? egH match that of He.
(b) The element II which has the least first ionization enthalpy (? iH1) and a low negative electron gain enthalpy (? egH) is the most reactive metal. The values of ? iH1, ? iH2 and? egH match that of K (potassium).
(c) The element III which has high fi
This is a Matching Type Questions as classified in NCERT Exemplar
i d + 48
ii a &n
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