10.3 Fill in the blanks using the word(s) from the list appended with each statement:

(a) Surface tension of liquids generally . . . with temperatures (increases / decreases)

 

(b) Viscosity of gases . . . with temperature, whereas viscosity of liquids . . . with temperature (increases / decreases)

 

(c) For solids with elastic modulus of rigidity, the shearing force is proportional to . . . , while for fluids it is proportional to. .. (shear strain / rate of shear strain)

 

(d) For a fluid in a steady flow, the increase in flow speed at a constriction follows (conservation of mass / Bernoulli’s principle)

 

(e) For the model of a plane in a wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a ... speed for turbulence for an actual plane (greater / smaller)

<p>The surface tension of a liquid is inversely proportional to temperature. Decreases</p><p>Most fluids offer resistance to their motion. It is like internal mechanical friction, known as viscosity. Gas viscosity increases with temperature, whereas liquid viscosity decreases with temperature. Because, intermolecular forces weaken with temperature increase, viscosity decreases.</p><p>With reference to the elastic modulus of rigidity for solids, the shearing force is proportional to the shear strain. With reference to elastic modulus of rigidity for fluids, the shearing force is proportional to the rate of shear strain.</p><p>For a steady-flowing fluid, an increase in its flow speed at a constriction follows the conservation of mass (Bernouli' principle).</p><p>For the model of a plane in wind tunnel, turbulence occurs at a greater speed then it does for an actual plane. This follows from Bernoulli's principle and different Reynolds' numbers associated with the motions of the two planes.</p>

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