5.23 Explain why

(a) A horse cannot pull a cart and run in empty space

(b) Passengers are thrown forward from their seats when a speeding bus stops suddenly

(c) It is easier to pull a lawn mower than to push it

(d) A cricketer moves his hands backwards while holding a catch

<p><strong> (a)</strong> A horse can pull a cart by the reaction force generated by the ground to its feet. In an empty space, no reaction force will be generated and it cannot pull a cart.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong> (b)</strong> During the movement of the bus, passenger's whole body experiences the inertia of motion of the bus. When a bus brakes, the lower part comes to stand still along with the bus but the upper part continues with the same inertia of motion.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong> (c)</strong> While pulling a lawn mower, the vertical component of the applied force acts upwards and it reduces the effective weight of the lawn mower, make it easy to operate. In case of pushing the lawn mower, the vertical component acts downwards, &nbsp;effectively increasing the weight of the lawn mower.</p><p>&nbsp;</p><p><strong> (d)</strong> When the batsman hits the ball, the ball will have a large momentum. When the fielder moves his hands backward, the time of impact is increased, thus impact force is reduced.</p>

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