What are three common vectors?

$a\cdot b=\left|a\times b\right|ab$ $cos \theta =ab sin \theta$

$\frac{\underset{\_}{ab}}{\underset{\_}{ab}}=\frac{sin\theta }{cos\theta }$

$tan \theta =1$

$\left|\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}\right|=\sqrt[]{A^2+B^2+2ABcos\theta }$

$=\sqrt[]{1+1+2cos\theta }$

$=\sqrt[]{2\left(1+cos\theta \right)}$

= $\sqrt[]{2\times 2co{s}^2\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}$

$\left|\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}\right|=2cos\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.$  -(1)

$\left|\widehat{A}-\widehat{B}\right|=\sqrt[]{A^2+B^2-2ABcos\theta }$

$=\sqrt[]{1+1-2cos\theta }$

$=2sin\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.$  -(2)

(2) $÷$ $$ (1)

$\frac{\left|\widehat{A}-\widehat{B}\right|}{\left|\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}\right|}=\frac{2sin\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}{2cos\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.}$

$\Rightarrow \left|\widehat{A}-\widehat{B}\right|=\left|\widehat{A}+\widehat{B}\right|tan\raisebox{1ex}{$\theta $}\!\left/ \!\raisebox{-1ex}{$2$}\right.$

Mass and temperature are scalars. We can fully describe them by magnitude alone and do not involve direction. 

Speed is a scalar quantity. It only has magnitude and no direction, unlike velocity, which is a vector.