Why couldn't Rutherford explain the stability of an atom?

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Based on what classical electromagnetic theory says, we know that an accelerated charged particle must radiate energy or electromagnetic waves. That remains continuous. 

By looking at the Rutherford's atomic model we can assume that electrons would revolve around the nucleus, which in this logic, hel

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In Rutherford's model, electrostatic force provides the centripetal force:

1 4 πE    

Kinetic Energy (K):

K = 1 2 m v 2 = e 2 8 π E 0 r

Potential Energy (U):

U = 1 4 π E 0 e 2 r  

Total Energy (E):

E = K + U = e 2 8 π E 0 r

 

Note that, E is the Epsilon symbol. 

In the gold foil scattering experiment by Rutherford and his team, almost all alpha particles passed straight through the foil. There were minor deflections mostly, and only a small amount of them showed deflections at really large angles. Only a few of them rebounded. This was the main observation

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| Δ E 0 | = ( 1 3 6 { 1 1 4 } ) e V

|DE0| = –10.2

λ = 1 2 4 0 0 1 0 . 2 × 1 0 1 0 m

ρ = h λ = 6 . 6 3 × 1 0 3 4 × 1 0 . 2 1 2 4 0 0 × 1 0 1 0                  

? m v = h λ            

  1 . 8 × 1 0 2 7           

v = 6 . 6 3 × 1 0 . 2 × 1 0 3 4 1 2 4 0 0 × 1 0 1 0

v = 6 . 6 3 × 1 0 . 2 1 2 4 0 0 × 1 . 8 × 1 0 3            

= 6 . 6 3 × 1 0 2 1 2 4 × 1 . 8 = 3 . 0 2 ]

= 3 m/s

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Physics Atoms 2025

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