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Geoinformatics is a specialised field necessitating expert knowledge. Background in science stream is a must. Students from geography, geology, agriculture, engineering, IT or computer science fields can gain admission to M.Sc., M.Tech. courses in Geoinformatics and Remote Sensing.
Job prospects
Major users of geoinformatics applications and therefore employers are the Central and State governments. Central government agencies are under the Department of Space - National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA Hyderabad), North East Space Application Centre, (NESAC Shillong), Regional Remote Sensing Application Centre (RRSAC Kharagpur, Dehradun, Jodhpur, Nagpur and Bangalore), Indian Space Research Organisation, (ISRO Bangalore), Advanced Data Processing Research Institute (ADRIN Hyderabad) and Space Application Centre (SAC Ahmedabad) apart from Indian Agriculture Research Institute (IARI) and Indian Council of Agriculture Research (ICAR). State governments offer jobs in their individual National Informatics Centre (NIC) and Space Application Centres with various State Electricity Boards lined up to implement geoinformatics as well.With the private sector discovering the benefits of geoinformatics, there is growing demand in top companies like Google, TCS, Reliance Industries, Reliance Communciations, Reliance Energy, CyberTech Systems, Geofiny Technologies, Magnasoft Technology Services, etc. Then there are environmental agencies, national survey and mapping organisations, mineral exploration, utility companies, emergency services, public health and epidemiology, international organisations, United Nations, crime mapping, transportation and infrastructure, tourist industry, market analysis and e-commerce and so on. Professor, reader and research positions are available in academic institutions, and the prospects of starting one's own enterprise.
Job profiles range from Scientist, Project Coordinator, Project Scientist, Technical Assistant, Research Scholar, Research Associate, GIS Expert, GIS Environment Analyst, etc. in government jobs to Project Manager, Senior System Executive, Image Analyst, GIS Business Analyst, GIS Engineer, GIS Programmer, Geo-Spatial Software Engineer, etc. in the commercial sector.
Salary ranges vary widely depending on the location, discipline and experience. Approximate starting salary is Rs.2,50,000 per annum with higher positions averaging Rs.5,00,000 upwards.

An ethical hacker is a computer and network expert who attacks a security system on behalf of its owners, seeking vulnerabilities that a malicious hacker could exploit. To test a security system, ethical hackers use the same methods as their less principled counterparts, but report problems instead of taking advantage of them. Ethical hacking is also known as penetration testing, intrusion testing and red teaming.
The Certified Ethical Hacker is a professional certification provided by the International Council of E-Commerce Consultants (EC-Council.)
An ethical hacker is usually employed by an organization who trusts him or her to attempt to penetrate networks and/or computer systems, using the same methods as a hacker, for the purpose of finding and fixing computer security vulnerabilities. Unauthorized hacking (i.e., gaining access to computer systems without prior authorization from the owner) is a crime in most countries, but penetration testing done by request of the owner of the targeted system(s) or network(s) is not.
A Certified Ethical Hacker has obtained a certification in how to look for the weaknesses and vulnerabilities in target systems and uses the same knowledge and tools as a hacker.
The exam code for C|EH is 312-50. The certification is in Version 7.1 as of 14 June 2011. A version 8 has later been added.
Certification coursework
The coursework of version 7 contains 19 modules, which consists of instructor-led training and self-study. Some training centers, Western Governors University in the US, and universities in Asia, Australia and Europe include EC Council's C|EH program.
Examination
Certification is achieved by taking the C|EH examination after having either attended training at an ATC (Accredited Training Center) or done self-study. If a candidate opts for self-study, an application must be filled out and proof submitted of 2 years of relevant information security work experience. In case you do not have two years of information security related work experience, you can send them a request detailing your educational background and request for consideration on a case basis. The current version of the C|EH is V8 uses EC-Council's exam 312-50, as did the earlier versions. Although the new version V8 has recently been launched. This exam has 125 multiple-choice questions, a 4 hour time limit, and requires at least a score of 70% to pass. The earlier v7 had 150 multiple-choice questions and a four hour time limit.