Why was the Bohr model of the atom not useful for atoms other than hydrogen?
Why was the Bohr model of the atom not useful for atoms other than hydrogen?
Bohr's model is too simple for atoms beyond hydrogen. In multi-electron atoms like helium, it fails because it ignores a couple of aspects. First is the electron-to-electron repulsion, and second is the shielding effect, where inner electrons reduce the nuclear pull on outer ones. Due to both, orbit
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Orbital angular momentum =
=
Radius of Bohr’s orbit
Radius of Bohr’s orbit for hydrogen,
For third orbit (R3) = = r3 and
Fourth orbit (R4) =
For irreversible expansion of an ideal gas under isothermal condition
ΔU = 0, ΔS (Total) ≠ 0
105.8 × (2/4) = 52.9 pm ⇒ rLi+ + rX- = 52.9 × (3²/3) = 158.7 pm
Bohr's theory accounts for the line spectrum of single electron species but Li? has two electrons. Bohr's theory fails to explain splitting of spectral lines in presence of magnetic field i.e. Zeeman effect.
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