11.37 Answer the following questions:

(a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons are thought to carry fractional charges [(+2/3)e ; (–1/3)e]. Why do they not show up in Millikan’s oil-drop experiment?

(b) What is so special about the combination e/m? Why do we not simply talk of e and m separately?

(c) Why should gases be insulators at ordinary pressures and start conducting at very low pressures?

(d) Every metal has a definite work function. Why do all photoelectrons not come out with the same energy if incident radiation is monochromatic? Why is there an energy distribution of photoelectrons?

(e) The energy and momentum of an electron are related to the frequency and wavelength of the associated matter wave by the relations:

E = h ν , p = h λ , But while the value of  is physically significant, the value of  (and therefore, the value of the phase speed  ) has no physical significance. Why?

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    Answered by

    Payal Gupta | Contributor-Level 10

    4 months ago

    11.37 (a) Quarks inside protons and neutrons carry fractional charges. This is because nuclear force increases extremely if they are pulled apart. Therefore, fractional charges may exist in nature; observable charges are still the integral multiple of an electrical charge.

    (b) The basic relations for electric field and magnetic field are

    e V = 1 2 m v 2 and e B V = m v 2 r  respectively

    These relations include e (electric charge), v (velocity), m (mass), V (potential), r (radius) and B (magnetic field. These relations give the value of the velocity of an electron as

    v = 2 V ( e m ) a n d v = B r ( e m ) respectively

    It can be observed from these relations that the dynamics of an electron is de

    ...more

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Sol:

f(x)=2x23x2x2=2x24x+x2x2=2x(x2)+1(x2)x2=(2x+1)(x2)x2=2x+1limx2f(x)=2x+1=limh02(2h)+1=4+1=5limx2+f(x)=2x+1=limh02(2+h)+1=4+1=5limx2f(x)=5Aslimx2f(x)=limx2+f(x)=limx2f(x)=5Hence,f(x)iscontinuousatx=2.

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