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9.24. Water is amphoteric in nature because it acts as an acid as well as a base.

Amphoteric nature of water is represented by following chemical reactions.

(1) Water as a base:
H_2?O(l)+H_2?S(g)?H₃?O⁺(aq)+HS⁻(aq)

(2) Water as an acid:
H_2?O(l) +NH₃?(aq)?OH⁻+NH₄⁺?

(3) Self ionization of water in which water simultaneously acts as acid and base.
2H₂?O→H

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9.23. Cation exchange resins have large organic molecule with SO₃H group which are insoluble in water. Ion exchange resin (RSO₃H) is changed to RNa on treatment with NaCl. The resin exchange Na⁺ ions with Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions present in hard water and make it soft.
                                    2RNa (s) + M²⁺ (aq) ——> R₂M (s) + 2Na⁺ (aq)
where, M = Mg, Ca.
The resins can be regenerated by adding aqueous NaCl solution.

9.22. Temporary hardness of water is due to the presence of bicarbonates of calcium and magnesium in water i.e., Ca (HCO₃)₂ and Mg (HCO₃) in water. Permanent hardness of water is due to the presence of soluble chlorides and sulphates of calcium and magnesium i.e., CaCl₂, CaSO₄, MgCl₂ and MgSO₄.

To get admission in the UG Diploma course at CII Institute of Hospitality - Taj Hotels, Pune, students need to fulfill eligibility and selection criteria. A candidate scoring a minimum of 50% in Class 12 is eligible to apply for Diploma admission at the institute. Admission to this course is entrance-based. 

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9.21. Ice has crystalline structure which is highly ordered due to hydrogen bonding. It has hexagonal form at atmospheric pressure and cubic form at low temperature. Each O atom has tetrahedral geometry and is surrounded by 4 oxygen atoms each at a distance of 276 pm.

11.72

The mechanism of acid dehydration of ethanol to yield ethane involves three steps:

Step 1:- Protonation of ethanol to form ethyl oxonium ion.

Step 2:- Formation of carbocation (rate determining step).

Step 3:-Elimination of a proton to form ethane

 The acid consumed in step 1 is released in step 3. After the formation of ethane, it is removed to shift the equilibrium in a forward direction.

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9.20.  (i) PbS(s) +4H₂O₂(aq) → PbSO₄(s) + 4H₂O(l)

(ii) 2MnO₄^– (aq) +H₂O₂(aq) + 6H⁺(aq) → 2Mn (aq) + 8H₂O(l) + 5O₂(g)

(iii) CaO(s) + H₂O(g) → Ca(OH)₂(aq)

(iv) AlCl₃(aq) + 3H₂O(l) → Al(OH)₃(s) + 3HCl (aq)

(v) Ca₃N₂(s) + H₂O(l) → 3Ca(OH)₂(aq) + 2NH₃(aq)

(a) Hydrolysis reactions, (iii) (iv) and (v)

(b) Redox reactions (i) and (ii)

No, candidates looking for course admission at CII Institute of Hospitality - Taj Hotels, Pune cannot get direct admission. The institute selects candidates based on CII Aptitude Test and Industry Panel Viva. The eligibility criteria for the course is to pass class 12. 

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9.19. 2F₂ (ag) + 2H₂O (l)? O₂ (g) + 4H⁺ (aq) + 4F (aq)
In this reaction water acts as a reducing agent and itself gets oxidised to O₂ while F₂ acts as an oxidising agent and hence itself reduced to F^– ions.

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